Murasaki and Medea Essay -- Euripides Medea Essays

Murasaki and Medea Although The Tale of Genji, by Murasaki Shikibu, is set in late tenth-century Japan, the plights of the characters are universal. In Chapter 12, Genji leaves his wife, who is named after the author, and goes into exile. Desperately in love with Genji, Muraskai is similar to Euripides Medea in the work of the same name. She suffers because her husband, Jason, abandons her for a princess. Shikibu and Euripides seem to have shared the same worldviews about womens emotional dependence on their mates. Women often rely on men to blister them away from their old lives and to take the place of their father. Genji brings Murasak at age ten from a convent to his world at the Japanese court and raises her as the perfect wife. As an adopted daughter, Murasaki gradually becomes closer to Genji than her own father (2143). As for Medea, she kills her father and replaces him with Jason, who then takes her away to Corinth (474-475). The main difference is that Murasaki, since she was only a child, does not choose Genji as a replacement, but rather is forced...

The Ontological Argument Essay -- social issues

The Ontological Argument The Ontological line of business is a group of different philosophers arguments for the existence of God. Ontological literally means talking about(predicate) being and so in this case, that being is the existence or being of God. The main component of the Ontological argument can be found in the Anselms Proslogion which is a short work that tries to demonstrate both the existence and the nature of God. His main aim in writing the Proslogion is not to directly farm the existence of God but to moreover, to show the relationship between combine and reason. Anselm wanted to understand the object of the belief. He is also not trying to carry on his belief against the atheist and neither is he trying to convince the atheist that God exists. The ontological argument differs from other arguments in favour of God as it is an a priori deductive argument, a priori meaning that can come to a conclusion by the use of reason and not proof. A deductive argument means that if the premises that are put into the argument are true, then the conclusion must be true. Thus, Anselm tends to base his argument on the definitions and terminology used. Anselms archetypical form of the argument is that God is that than which none greater can be conceived. Firstly, it must be emphasised that Anselms definition does not decide God to being the greatest but makes it known that nothing greater can be thought than God himself. Therefore, God should not in whatsoever way be linked to terms such as omnipotent as terminology such as this limit him to what he really is. With this definition, he attempts to prove that not only does God exist in the mind but also in reality. Anselm uses the example of the fool to prove his point on Gods existence. He says that when the fool says that There is no God in Psalms, he must therefore understand what he hears , and what he understands in his intellect by the term God. Therefore, if he knows what God is, God must exist as i t is impossible to know what something is if it does not exist. In chapter trey in the Proslogion, Anselm contributes his second form to the argument. This form of the argument is that of necessary existence. He says that that than which can be thought not to exist is not as great as that which cannot be thought not to exist. Therefore, to say that God can be thought not to exist if the definition of God... ...elms first form of the argument and indirectly also demolishes the argument on the necessary existence though his criticism. He criticises and successfully attacks the Cartesian version that in locate for there to be a supreme being, existence must be predicate of God (the supreme being). Norman Malcolm then tried to deliver this argument by coming up with an argument which Davis seems to hold up demolished successfully. Although the argument does not seem to remain too strong in the take down of these responses, we can say that although Anselm failed to show the fool th at God existed, he by acquiring more knowledge and understanding about the Christian beliefs seems to fortify his faith as a believer. Anselms second form of the argument seems has kept philosophers interested and fascinated with it throughout time. The very fact that philosophers such as Descartes, Kant, Malcolm have been intrigued by the ontological argument strongly shows that it is a very important and complex argument which is in favour of the existence of God. Although a final and net answer to the question of Gods existence has yet to be attained, it is still considered to be a remarkable argument.

The Audience and Writing Essay -- Audience Definition Essays

The listening and paper consultation. Just one word provided it stirs frighteningly confusing images of perplexing thoughts in my mind. The word alone is strange, but when put in context of an essay it leaves me baffled and frustratedd1 . The questions What is Audience? Why do I need it? and, What purpose does it serve? are important to my finally some day understanding the concept of Audience, but at this point I cant answer them fullyd2 . I can grasp the understanding of all the other aspects of writing an essay, although I may not incorporate them puff up in my paper at least I believe why they are important. Audience, to me, is not so easy to understand. After reading The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Writing and the assigned chapters given to us for each writing essay in W131 classd3 , I am still left with an unclear picture of what to do with Audience in my papers. When specifying about Audience I think of who Im writing to, just who is my paper directed atd4 . Is it one person? Am I writing towards a group, or society? Is my essay directed at a large Audience, perhaps an entire culture? Is it good to hand over a small or large Audienced5 ? When writing towards a large audience the paper has to cover a larger base of information, since more mass means more diversity, and a greater difference in opinions, you must write about enough variety that the entire Audience can understand, follow, and see your paper clearly. Large Audiences can leave the reader confused, or perhaps make them not want to finish the essay at all. For myself I think its best if I narrow my Audience down to a small group, or even one person when writing my essaysd6 . Although I harbourt done so in the past its probably the best... ...le with bone cancer, or even further and go down to a ramification with cancer, like hand, or bone marrow, etc. I would have an even more specific Audience which would allow me to get very detailed and adumbrate with my factsd1 8 . A larger Audience would be good if I wanted to write a broad paper that gives only general ideas or facts and doesnt get to intimate in one area. This leads into the idea of mixing, its not wise to mix an Audience, what I mean by this is starting off with a large Audience and then getting very detailed into one aspect of that topic, this would cause the writer to lose a large number of their readersd19 . Without an Audience one cant write a paper, its like heading out on a trip with no destination in minWork CitedRamage, John, John Bean. The Allyn And Bacon Guide To Writing. Massachusetts A Pearson Education Company, 2000d21 .

last words of Christ Essay -- essays research papers

JESUS LAST WORDS ON THE CROSSThe seven last words of Jesus on the cross demonstrate both his humanity and his divinity, and capture the last moment Jesus went through to gain our forgiveness.1. find forgive them, for they know not what they do (Luke 2334)Forgiveness for those who arrested condemned and executed Jesusbut also forgiveness those who drove the nails into the hands of Jesus, and those who mocked him. It is amazing to obtain the boundless mercy of Jesus. The first words He utters when he goes onto the Cross are words of forgiveness. This echoes what Jesus feels today when he looks down upon us and says the resembling words of forgivenessParallel verse Matt 544 Love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you and pray for those who despitefully use you and persecute you-- Jesus is putting in practice his own teachings2. Today, you will be with Me in Paradise (Luke 2343)There were two thieves crucified on either side of Jesus, both gasping fo r life, and in horrible pain. The thief on the right had been watching Jesus he knew this man was innocent. He just comprehend Jesus asking God to forgive the peoplethe thief hears about forgiveness straight from Jesus. So the thief says this man is innocent. He defends Jesus, while no one else does He knows hes close to deathso he asks Jesus remember me when you come to your kingdomhe turns to Jesus for forgiveness, and messiah accepted himtoday you will be wi...

how important were the actions of Roas Parks? Essay -- essays research

How Important were the actions of Rosa Parks to the civil rights movement? Explain your answer.Rosa Parks was a pitch-dark American who it has been said, started the non-white civil rights movement. Rosa Parks was fro Montgomery, and in Montgomery they had a local low that black people were only allowed to sit in a few seats on the public buses and if a white person wanted their set, they would have to give it up. On one bus journeying Parks was asked to move for a white person, she refused and the police were call and she was arrested and convicted of breaking the bus laws.The black people of Montgomery decided that the best way to designate their anger at what had happened and how they were being treated would be by boycott, not use, the local bus service. One the first day of the boycott the buses were almost empty. The black community worked together and arranged another forms of transport such as car pool, or waling. Black taxi companies only charged back passengers the wo rth of the bus fair and some white people who could do without their servants even when to pick them up form their homes. During the boycott the bus company lost 65% of their earnings. This showed people who powerful non-violent protest could be, by challenging black segregation laws without committing a crime. It also showed the black people how powerful they could be if they worked together.When...

Cyber Bullying Essay Essay

Bullying. It is just something everyone has heard of, witnessed or experienced. When the word bullying is heard, many people deal of the classic rail kidskin being picked on at lunch, in a physical and/or literal manner. Although verbal and physical bullying still occur, there is a assortment of bullying that has grown to be quite prominent, due to the vast use of technology in this propagation. This form of bullying is known as cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is a deliberately harmful, aggressive, and repetitive form of bullying through the Internet and related technology. Cyber bullying is just as harmful as physical or verbal bullying, and should be taken just as seriously. Cyber bullying negatively impacts children in many ways. The most prominent effects of cyber bullying are the toll it lav take psychologically, and emotionally on the people involved. These effects are exacerbated by the current popularity of social media. The psychological effects of cyber bullying are obvious, and in some way more severe than physical bullying. The psychological effect of cyber bullying poop be more severe because there is often no take to the woods from ones tormentors. Un interchangeable the typical bullying thats takes enthrone at school or on the bus, cyber bullying follows students around 24/7.With technology worry smartphones, the repetitive harassment is nearly impossible to escape. In many cases of cyber bullying, it begins with one bully but ends with many. The internet is open to everyone. Once something is out there, for example a picture, it finish be sent to phones everywhere and is essentially on the Internet forever. With one click of a button, information can instantly spread like wildfire. It is psychologically damaging to know that even if that picture, those words, that rumor, are deleted, it is never actually gone. Although cyber bullying isnt necessarily as public as a secure at school would be, it can often be easily hidden by the dup e. If there are no bruises or bumps, it is hard for any family or friend to see what the targeted person may be suffering with inside. Fifty-two percent of cyberbully victims never tell anyone about what is going on. Isolation, is often where internalizing problems leads. Cyber bullying becomes a battle not only with the bullies, but also a battle with oneself. Social media has become the main way of communication. Many people have at least one of these sites available to them Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Tumblr. It is no secret that there are bullies who target certain, or any people online.Thirty-percent of onlineteens say they have been targets of menacing and/or hurtful online activities and 88 percent of online teens say they have witnessed someone being mean or cruel to someone else on a social network. nearly bullies have the power online there is really no way to be stopped through a computer screen. Especially with the anonymous option, harassing the target can be the easie st thing to do, because the power the bully feels being unknown, and knowing there is little chance of any consequences. Eighty percent of teens use their cell phones regularly making it the most common form of technology used. Many teens are willing to take the risk of being cyber bullied, not because they dont think it is serious, but because social media affects ones social status. In a world where almost every teen has some sort of social media, it can be hard to feel normal or involved if you dont have one too. As a result of most of this generation communicating online, cyber bullying has become more popular and dangerous. Much like physical bullying, cyber bullying has a huge emotional burden.Being a victim of cyber bullying often leads to depression. Since in most cases, teenagers cannot escape the relentless harassment, it can lead to feeling hopeless and isolated. When hundreds of people, some you may or may not know, begin harassing you, it can feel like the entire world is against you. Being harassed constantly can slowly eat away at the victim. ego esteem is what gets damaged most. Being degraded, made fun of, or accused of actions that never happened can lead to the victim eventually believing the rumors. Lastly, an emotional shin triggered by cyber bullying is anxiety. It becomes a constant fear, every term you use your social media, you wonder what may be waiting for you. The worst part about cyber bullying is it follows you everywhere at home, at school, etc.While cyber bullying can affect a person at any time or place, it often comes to head at school. If there are rumors, or a private picture circulating for everyone at school to see, simply attending school can provoke anxiety. In many cases, victims of cyber bullying have such bad anxiety about facing schoolmates in this situation, that they stop going to school. It is time that we as as a society treat cyber bullying just as we would physical bullying. It may not leave a scar or bruis e visibly on ones body, but it leaves an emotional wound that may never completely heal. Cyber bullying can take place anytime, anywhere, and creates psychological and emotional burdens for the victim.Since technology is becoming more and more evident in this generation and will only become more prevelant in the future, this would be the time to act.

Cell Phones & Classrooms Essay

Cell ph unrivaleds argon a relatively recent invention, but they consent greatly improved our way of life. School-age children atomic number 18 now starting to get their own phones at earlier times, and with them obtaining their phones, they start to carry their phones everywhere so therefore, there is a risk of the children using their phones during shoal. Now, one would recollect that this is something that should be punished, but in reality, it opens many doors for education and educators. Cell Phones should be allowed in class because of how much of an effect they would have on students, teachers, and school systems.Computers atomic number 18 very costly, and with the introduction of cell phones in the classroom, schools would not have to pay money for new computers. Spotsylvania County Schools are in somewhat of an stinting downturn, and if no computers were bought, and students were allowed to use cell phones, then the Countys technology expenses would decrease. Cell phone s cost less than computers, and no keyboards or mice need to be bought, saving even up more money. Students and parents would pay for their own phones, lifting the burden off of the schools. Money is hard for most pile and schools to come by in this day and age, and letting the students have their cell phones in class would allow the school system to spend more money on and fund more useful things, such as teachers and sports teams.Phones are more reasonable to have than large, bulky desktop computers. Desktops are becoming outdated and unnecessary because of how many pieces are necessary to be brought for the square computer. Phones are just one piece small and light, making them extremely portable, unlike the colossal computers that the schools have. As a cause of this, it would make it easier for students to take their bunk home and do research, just because of how conveyable and convenient the phones are. With the implementation of phones in the classroom, it would render th e desktop useless, saving the schools a large amount of money.Many people think that schools should ban cell phones completely, but that is just not true. What the people dont understand is that the students can and will use their phones for educational purposes. at that place are now apps, such as Dropbox, that allow students to sync folders containing documents on their computers to their phones, which is an ultimately successful way to use the phone. People who oppose this also think that the phones wouldnt be cost impelling. If one compares the average price for a computer, or so or above $700, and the average price for a smart phone, around $200, they can see that it is actually much more cost effective. No peripherals for the phones need to be purchased either, unlike for the computers. Some people think that cell phones are a bad thing, but when one looks at the effects it has on things, such as saving money and useful resources.Cell phones, at this time, are a very contro versial topic, whether being used while driving or in the classroom. Cell phones are much more cost effective than computers. Cell phones are also infinitely more portable than desktop computers. The ability of students being able to have phones would allow them to see new things that turn the way they think about life. Cell phones should be allowed in the schools because of the ultimate positive effect that they would have on the educators, students, and the overall school system.

Betty Ford Case Study

In the study of abnormal deportment it is set to be behavior observed through with(predicate) some others unmarrieds, this failed to be observed within self. The capability of recognizing the living locutions, frantic, cognitive and the behavioral part of behavior compulsory initially in the steps to separate the purpose associated in behavior. In this case study of Betty Ford, she was an individual(a) that struggled with a form of abnormal behavior a longsighted with the ability to recognize it with the assistance of other individuals to be able to notice she made a difference in her life history.In this case study, it will excuse the formulations of her life and everywhereview of how she was able to work with assistance in understand the addictive behavior she veritable over time and beat the odds of becoming sober. Biological Comp sensationnts Unfortunately, Betty grew up as the daughter of intoxicantic beverageics this was the platform that get to her boozing se nsitivity that was biological. Unaware she was going to grow up and break an addiction of any sort and her set outs hidden alcoholism.His employment kept him a port from home a lot oftentimes alcoholics and addicts find it easy to hide their stigmas that are stemmed from a genetical sensibility (Pinel, 2009). Betty was not the save family member that suffered from alcoholism, she later found her brother was afflicted also suffered from the itemor that would support this reasoning (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). Pertaining to genetic predispositions, an individual do not need to be raised in the same environment of an alcoholic to become afflicted, individuals only have to have the inherited genetic predisposition (Pinel, 2009).Having a genetic predisposition regarding the addiction to alcoholism help set the platform to Bettys components to alcoholism, along with many other components that allowed the genetic predisposition the ability to work together in Bettys military po st to be considered. Emotional Components The absence of Bettys father doing her childhood affected her randyly. His absence in her training caused Betty to become deeply disposed to her mother, whom as any other mother needing to play both roles of the parents in her home (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009).Mrs. Ford, Bettys mother was known as a perfectionist who demanded the same of everyone rough her a trait Betty admired so of her mother. When her father died Betty was only 16 years of age, she was able to lean on the medium of her mother to get her through the traumatic ordeal. Following the case study of Betty, the qualities she observed through her mother, she was plagued with the notion of never living up to her, this was the factor that rails to the development of the baseline her addictions.As a young girl growing up Betty never had a drink, but later around the age of eighteen she create a taste of alcohol as a social drinker. At this time in her life, she explored t he modeling and dance industry in New York, the puree of the life movement had an case on which caused a shift in her self-esteem and emotional status (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). This form of exposure was a major doorway into Bettys path of dependency to alcohol. Betty was thrown into the world of partying at all hours of the night and found her peers at the given time seem to place embrace on drinking more(prenominal) than usual.Once her mother the path of destruction she was falling into her urged Betty to return to Michigan (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver). After returning home six months later, Betty wed a gentleman she knew from her childhood (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver). As many marriages, today, it did not take long before it was the end of her marriage. Betty found that her husband was not over the night life and party life style his actions affected her greatly because she was sure she was ready to settle down into a life of marriage and children. It did not take long be fore Betty met and later married a handsome fellow named, Gerald Ford.Gerald was from a very decent family he was known as one of the most eligible bachelors at the time in Grand Rapids (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). Yes, Betty truly was in love, but living the life of politic as the future first lady to the professorship of the United States was more than she bargained. looking at lonely and placed aside of all, Betty was emotionally drained (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver). The situation she found herself in had a downward spiral that pushed her over the edge along with the aspect of having the biological trait that lead to her injureful addictions.Cognitive and Behavioral Components On the political trail, Betty gave birth four beautiful children, alone and guardianship her home intact she found strength from the influence she saw in her mother throughout her childhood. It did not take long for Betty to be overcome with attempt of the mental and physical aspect of a politicians w ife and a mother raising four children mostly alone, not to mention she developed a painful situation of a compressed nerve in her (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009).Due to the compressed nerve condition in her neck Betty was treated with pain medications order to ease her discomfort, unfortunately, this cause another(prenominal) form of addition along with the drinking. Betty was encouraged by her physician to continue her pain medication, unaware of her biological and emotional situation she was already plagued with. No one seem to notice the despair she was in which led to her cognitive and a behavioral substance-related turmoil she began living. Betty began experiencing a soul of emptiness and no self-worth that increased her emotional pain and dependency.Finding herself in a state of denial Betty needed to admit to herself that she had a problem with alcohol and prescription medication. In time, she had to come to grasp with the fact there was something wrong, and she needed to get some assistance before it was (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). Taking in consideration the biological and alcoholism predisposition Betty had to face her substance ill-treat problems was fore seen an instance that many might say was inevitable without some form of help early on her youth.Sadly with the state of be alone and pitiable from the complication in her neck Betty suffered from economic crisis and anxiety (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). Through observation and case studies individuals who seem to have situations dealing with the issue of alcoholism are diagnosed with forms of depression and various other disorders associated with the mental status. With all the complications, Betty find herself in she is in harms way due to the continued use of alcohol and the prescribed medications (Comer, 2005). ConclusionAs this case study looked at the unfolding of Betty Fords life, the understand of what lead to the unfolding of a beautiful woman into a woman riddle with depress ion, anxiety, alcoholism and a dependency to prescribed medication we needed to begin with the understanding of how it began. The aspect of individuals genetic predisposition and a childhood flawed in perception her cognitive and a look at her behavioral fundamental teach actions associated with her relationship with her mother and peers. In the end, the intervention of her corroborative family resulted in a lifesaving gesture that saved her and gave a new outlook in her life.Betty Ford Case StudyIn the study of abnormal behavior it is found to be behavior observed through others individuals, this failed to be observed within self. The capability of recognizing the living aspects, emotional, cognitive and the behavioral part of behavior needed initially in the steps to recognize the purpose associated in behavior. In this case study of Betty Ford, she was an individual that struggled with a form of abnormal behavior along with the ability to recognize it with the assistance of oth er individuals to be able to notice she made a difference in her life. In this case study, it will explain the aspects of her life and overview of how she was able to work with assistance in understand the addictive behavior she developed over time and beat the odds of becoming sober.Biological ComponentsUnfortunately, Betty grew up as the daughter of alcoholics this was the platform that lead to her alcoholism predisposition that was biological. Unaware she was going to grow up and have an addiction of any sort and her fathers hidden alcoholism. His employment kept him away from home a lot oftentimes alcoholics and addicts find it easy to hide their stigmas that are stemmed from a genetic predisposition (Pinel, 2009). Betty was not the only family member that suffered from alcoholism, she later found her brother was afflicted also suffered from the factor that would support this reasoning (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009).Pertaining to genetic predispositions, an individual do not ne ed to be raised in the same environment of an alcoholic to become afflicted, individuals only have to have the inherited genetic predisposition (Pinel, 2009). Having a genetic predisposition regarding the addiction to alcoholism help set the platform to Bettys components to alcoholism, along with many other components that allowed the genetic predisposition the ability to work together in Bettyssituation to be considered.Emotional ComponentsThe absence of Bettys father doing her childhood affected her emotionally. His absence in her upbringing caused Betty to become deeply attached to her mother, whom as any other mother needing to play both roles of the parents in her home (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). Mrs. Ford, Bettys mother was known as a perfectionist who demanded the same of everyone around her a trait Betty admired so of her mother. When her father died Betty was only 16 years of age, she was able to lean on the strength of her mother to get her through the traumatic ordea l. Following the case study of Betty, the qualities she observed through her mother, she was plagued with the notion of never living up to her, this was the factor that lead to the development of the baseline her addictions.As a young girl growing up Betty never had a drink, but later around the age of eighteen she developed a taste of alcohol as a social drinker. At this time in her life, she explored the modeling and dance industry in New York, the stress of the life style had an effect on which caused a shift in her self-esteem and emotional status (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). This form of exposure was a major gateway into Bettys path of dependency to alcohol. Betty was thrown into the world of partying at all hours of the night and found her peers at the given time seem to place pressure on drinking more than usual.Once her mother the path of destruction she was falling into her urged Betty to return to Michigan (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver). After returning home six months late r, Betty married a gentleman she knew from her childhood (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver). As many marriages, today, it did not take long before it was the end of her marriage. Betty found that her husband was not over the night life and party life style his actions affected her greatly because she was sure she was ready to settle down into a life of marriage and children. It did not take long before Betty met and later married a handsome fellow named, Gerald Ford. Gerald was from a very decent family he was known as one of the most eligible bachelors at the time in Grand Rapids (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009).Yes, Betty truly was in love, but living the life of politic as the future first lady to the President of the United States was more than she bargained. Feeling lonely and placed aside of all, Betty was emotionally drained (Meyer, Chapman &Weaver). The situation she found herself in had a downward spiral that pushed her over the edge along with the aspect of having the biological tra it that lead to her painful addictions. Cognitive and Behavioral ComponentsOn the political trail, Betty gave birth four beautiful children, alone and keeping her home intact she found strength from the influence she saw in her mother throughout her childhood. It did not take long for Betty to be overcome with stress of the mental and physical aspect of a politicians wife and a mother raising four children mostly alone, not to mention she developed a painful situation of a compressed nerve in her (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). Due to the compressed nerve condition in her neck Betty was treated with pain medications prescribed to ease her discomfort, unfortunately, this cause another form of addition along with the drinking.Betty was encouraged by her physician to continue her pain medication, unaware of her biological and emotional situation she was already plagued with. No one seem to notice the despair she was in which led to her cognitive and a behavioral substance-related turm oil she began living. Betty began experiencing a sense of emptiness and no self-worth that increased her emotional pain and dependency. Finding herself in a state of denial Betty needed to admit to herself that she had a problem with alcohol and prescription medication. In time, she had to come to grasp with the fact there was something wrong, and she needed to get some assistance before it was (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009).Taking in consideration the biological and alcoholism predisposition Betty had to face her substance abuse problems was fore seen an instance that many might say was inevitable without some form of help early on her youth. Sadly with the state of be alone and suffering from the complication in her neck Betty suffered from depression and anxiety (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). Through observation and case studies individuals who seem to have situations dealing with the issue of alcoholism are diagnosed with forms of depression and various other disorders associ ated with the mental status. With all the complications, Betty find herself in she is in harms way due to the continued use of alcohol and the prescribed medications (Comer, 2005).ConclusionAs this case study looked at the unfolding of Betty Fords life, the understand of what lead to the unfolding of a beautiful woman into a woman riddled with depression, anxiety, alcoholism and a dependency to prescribed medication we needed to begin with the understanding of how it began. The aspect of individuals genetic predisposition and a childhood flawed in perception her cognitive and a look at her behavioral fundamental conditioning actions associated with her relationship with her mother and peers. In the end, the intervention of her supportive family resulted in a lifesaving gesture that saved her and gave a new outlook in her life.

Prince Sports

Prince Market Analysis As the sport continues to experience growth ascribable to the teenageer interest, Prince has earnd its own death warrant because it fails to operate how it female genital organ create a positive and lasting strong hold in a foodstuff that has seen a recent upswing. One of the things that sticks out the most to me was the amount of time it took for Prince to realize its superior position in the niche market of tennis and different racket designated sports, I send awayt grasp the idea that Prince was not already a major contender in the market.As the sports world is going through a makeover with sport phenoms anticipateing commercial backing, Prince has assured itself through social networking and sponsorship of immature talented athletes is a way to snare young and upcoming players, pro or not. But, this very same issue empennage be seen as a down f each(prenominal) as well, to either the enemy or Prince. If Prince misses nonpareil or two up and c oming players, no harm but potentially missing out on millions in sales would devastate a younger company, a younger company must be cutaneous senses on in their choices.Every match, win or lose, the player is getting recognition from the media, neer a down side to stigmatisation unless the athlete does not become the star once thought possible get them while they are young and you will create a devoted consumer (fan). In my opinion, Prince failed to protect itself when they entered into the arena of hosting minor events. I feel this is their biggest mistake.By doing so the disceptation should be able to see that doing the very same thing and co- branding with accessorizing services and or point of intersections can create a dent in the growth Prince would have seen from their own venues. Reason being, Prince is however one company while there are millions of up and coming stars that are looking for the backing of a corporate sponsor that stands behind its products with stellar customer service and an unwavering and resilient front in research that pushes the game to the next level.This is the only saving factor that Prince can rely on to push back the low end producers of equipment and apparel. But, a company with the ability to create and research new methods of manufacturing, innovative and out of the disaster designing (product and advertising), would create not only a sizeable but growing market saturation by merely addressing the latter. A new and upcoming player is a walking billboard, that when touched with social media and any airtime, frenzy can ensue for the product line and or services sponsoring the young athlete.A young and new exciting player that has a bankable and commercial attitude can spawn millions in sales for the company that sponsored them prior to athletic stardom. This is where Prince failed to expand theirwell lets just say door As a new and upcoming player seeks to lay waste to the competition and seek to better their own bot tom line through securing ad time for a bevy of products that may or may not have anything to do with tennis. The competition has done two things by always being at the beckoning call of the up and coming billboard, I mean star.The most important thing, the branding of their product, each and every time a camera shot is taken at a competition, or an interview on ESPN after a match, the competition has assured itself a front row seat into the pockets of players novice and professional. Second, by assuring co-branding and sponsorship, a two prong social media attack can be placed on the efforts to grow market share and sustainability created by a dual marketing campaign lodged against Prince by the competitor and fellow co-sponsor of the athlete.Co-sponsorship and branding however also limits the exposure a company could have in backing a new and upcoming athlete. By splitting the cost necessitate to sponsor an athlete I would only assume the money could be positioned to assist in ot her areas of concern such as research or ad time. This is where Prince failed to see itself, which I see as a flaw in their approach to assure continued growth, even if a new competitor copied their same exact plan. The competitor would fail because Prince would have all or some of the major accessorizing companies already on board.Again, this would also assist with in-house needs for funds that could be pooled for other pressing issues. But even with this idea in place, Prince would have to reshape their departments to assist those that would need the authority to make decisions on the spot with good information without the input of groups that may slow the process. A new competitor would already have thought of because it would need to be nimble and diligent to decide (with good information) when creating co-marketing agreements and scouting new talent.Any competitor can see that the grass root approach to introducing, researching, collaborating, and a well-executed marketing pl an can considerably remove Prince as a Juggernaut in the tennis arena. Prince left the back door open in another arena as well. brotherly media is not a proprietary component and can cease to exist overnight if the public is no longer interested in it. This is where I rally Prince left the door open and could be the second reason they fail to maintain growth. Having access to the needs and wants of a customer is the winning factor that all companies seek to gorge themselves on.A competitor would merely need to address the customer in a variety of ways. With the growth of the smartphone being the comparison of a face-to-face computer and seen as a personal device like a toothbrush. A competitor merely needs to create a social computer programme that allows the consumer to be a part of the company through beta testing, questionnaires, sweepstakes, and other client building venues that assures growth for all involved because of the co-sponsoring and branding approach to bring on services and products trending at its finest without the need to specialize.A competitor merely would have to create a smartphone application and its own social media web based portal that can be reached via a plug-in to the most widely used social media networks. Novice to professional players would be a great form of information needed to create or improve a better product with little to no amount spent in collating ideas needed to assure sustainability and new growth as they carve into the juggernauts once strong hold on a growing sport.I do see however an avenue that could assure Prince an edge with the current predicament which it faces but it also comes with a problem. The problem the window of opportunity is based upon accepting an outside infusion of creativity by creating a major yearly event. Doing so would create more than what they currently have because of the vendors and or bigger companies that would want to be invited or pay for a chance to main be adrift their ide a and or company at the annual event.I would assume that a bigger opportunity would be created as the media and social media networks for the rights to air the event. It is my personal principle that Prince has become a sloth, slow and predictable. Its advantageous growth was due to an influx of new consumers, Prices timing and position made it the lead in a once slow and dwindling sport. Princes obvious and monolithic stance does not provide it the nimble agility that an aggressive and blood athirst(p) competitor has when trying to grasp a growing market share that can dwindle away just as fast as it came.

Plant Tissue Culture Essay

typeset tissue tillage is a collection of techniques utilize to maintain or release arrange carrells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient gardening medium of known composition. Plant tissue civilization is widely employ to produce clones of a specify in a method known as micropropagation. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may allow certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation, including The proceeds of exact copies of plants that produce particularly good operateers, fruits, or have other desirable traits. To quickly produce advance plants.The production of multiples of plants in the absence of seeds or necessary pollinators to produce seeds. The regeneration of whole plants from plant cells that have been genetically modified. The production of plants in sterile containers that allows them to be moved with greatly reduced chances of transmitting diseases, pests, and pathogens. The production of plants from seeds that other wise have very low chances of germinating and growing, i.e. orchids and nepenthes. To clean particular plants of viral and other infections and to quickly spawn these plants as cleaned stock for horticulture and agriculture. Plant tissue culture relies on the fact that many plant cells have the ability to regenerate a whole plant (totipotency). Single cells, plant cells without cell walls (protoplasts), pieces of leaves, or (less commonly) roots apprize often be employd to generate a new plant on culture media given the required nutrients and plant hormones.TechniquesModern plant tissue culture is per digited under aseptic conditions under HEPA filtered air provided by a laminar flow cabinet. Living plant materials from the environment be naturally contaminated on their surfaces (and sometimes interiors) with microorganisms, so surface sterilization of starting material (explants) in chemical substance solutions ( unremarkably sodium or calcium hypochlorite or mercuric chloride) is required. Mercuric chloride is seldom used as a plant sterilant today, unless other sterilizing agents be found to be ineffective, as it is dangerous to use, and is rocky to dispose of. Explants are then usually placed on the surface of a solid culture medium, but are sometimes placed directly into a perspicuous medium, particularly when cell suspension cultures are desired. Solid and liquid media are generally composed of inorganic salts plus a few organic nutrients, vitamins and plant hormones. Solid media are prepared from liquid media with the addition of a gelling agent, usually purified agar.In vitro tissue culture potato explantsThe composition of the medium, particularly the plant hormones and the nitrogen source (nitrate versus ammonium salts or amino acids) have profound effects on the morphology of the tissues that grow from the initial explant. For example, an excess of auxin will often result in a proliferation of roots, while an excess of cytokinin may yield sho ots. A balance of devil auxin and cytokinin will often produce an unorganised increase of cells, or callus, but the morphology of the outgrowth will depend on the plant species as well as the medium composition. As cultures grow, pieces are typically sliced off and transferred to new media (subcultured) to allow for growth or to alter the morphology of the culture. The achievement and experience of the tissue culturist are important in judging which pieces to culture and which to discard. As shoots emerge from a culture, they may be sliced off and grow with auxin to produce plantlets which, when mature, can be transferred to potting soil for further growth in the greenhouse as normal plants.1 Choice of explantThe tissue obtained from the plant to culture is called an explant. establish on work with certain model systems, particularly tobacco, it has often been claimed that a totipotent explant can be grown from any part of the plant. However, this concept has been subvert in p ractice. In many species explants of various organs vary in their rates of growth and regeneration, while some do not grow at all. The choice of explant material also determines if the plantlets developed via tissue culture are haploid or diploid. Also the risk of microbial contamination is increased with opposed explants. Thus it is very important that an appropriate choice of explant be made prior to tissue culture. The specific differences in the regeneration potential of different organs and explants have various explanations.The significant factors include differences in the stage of the cells in the cell cycle, the availability of or ability to transport endogenous growth regulators, and the metabolous capabilities of the cells. The most commonly used tissue explants are the meristematic ends of the plants like the stem tip, auxiliary bud tip and root tip. These tissues have high rates of cell division and either concentrate or produce required growth regulating substances in cluding auxins and cytokinins. The pathways through which whole plants are regenerated from cells and tissues or explants much(prenominal) as meristems by and large fall into three types 1.The method in which explants that include a meristem (viz. the shoot tips or nodes) are grown on appropriate media supplemented with plant growth regulators to amaze proliferation of multiple shoots, followed by rooting of the excised shoots to regenerate whole plants,2.The method in which totipotency of cells is realized in the form of de novo organogenesis, either directly in the form of induction of shoot meristems on the explants or indirectly via a callus (unorganised mass of cells resulting from proliferation of cells of the explant) and plants are regenerated through induction of roots on the resultant shoots, 3.Somatic embryogenesis, in which asexual adventive embryos (comparable to zygotic embryos in their structure and development) are induced directly on explants or indirectly throug h a callus phase. The front method involving the meristems and induction of multiple shoots is the preferred method for the micropropagation industry since the risks of somaclonal variation (genetic variation induced in tissue culture) are minimal when compared to the other two methods. Somatic embryogenesis is a method that has the potential to be several times higher in multiplication rates and is amenable to handling in liquid culture systems like bioreactors. Some explants, like the root tip, are hard to isolate and are contaminated with soil microflora that become problematic during the tissue culture process.Certain soil microflora can form tight associations with the root systems, or even grow within the root. Soil particles bound to roots are difficult to remove without injury to the roots that then allows microbial attack. These associated microflora will generally overgrow the tissue culture medium before there is significant growth of plant tissue. Aerial (above soil) ex plants are also rich in undesirable microflora. However, they are more easily removed from the explant by gentle rinsing, and the remainder usually can be killed by surface sterilization. Most of the surface microflora do not form tight associations with the plant tissue.Such associations can usually be found by visual inspection as a mosaic, de-colorization or localized necrosis on the surface of the explant. An alternative for obtaining uncontaminated explants is to take explants from seedlings which are aseptically grown from surface-sterilized seeds. The hard surface of the seed is less permeable to penetration of harsh surface sterilizing agents, such as hypochlorite, so the acceptable conditions of sterilization used for seeds can be much more stringent than for vegetative tissues. interweave cultured plants are clones. If the original mother plant used to produce the source explants is susceptible to a pathogen or environmental condition, the entire crop would be susceptib le to the same problem. Conversely, any positive traits would remain within the line also.ApplicationsPlant tissue culture is used widely in plant science it also has a number of commercial applications. Applications include Micropropagation is widely used in forestry and in floriculture. Micropropagation can also be used to conserve rare or endangered plant species.2 A plant breeder may use tissue culture to screen cells rather than plants for advantageous characters, e.g. herbicide resistance/tolerance. Large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture in bioreactors for production of valuable compounds, like plant-derived secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins used as biopharmaceuticals.3 To cross distantly related species by protoplast fusion and regeneration of the novel hybrid. To cross-pollinate distantly related species and then tissue culture the resulting embryo which would otherwise normally die (Embryo Rescue).For production of doubled monoploid (dihaploid) pla nts from haploid cultures to achieve homozygous lines more rapidly in breeding programmes, usually by treatment with colchicine which causes doubling of the chromosome number. As a tissue for transformation, followed by either short-term testing of genetic constructs or regeneration of transgenic plants. Certain techniques such as meristem tip culture can be used to produce clean plant material from virused stock, such as potatoes and many species of soft fruit. Micropropagation using meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of identical individuals. Production of identical sterile hybrid species can be obtained.LaboratoriesAlthough some growers and nurseries have their own labs for propagating plants by the technique of tissue culture, a number of independent laboratories provide custom propagation services. The Plant Tissue Culture Information Exchange lists many commercial tissue culture labs. Since plant tissue culture is a very labour intensive process, this would be an important factor in determining which plants would be commercially viable to propagate in a laboratory.

How Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions? Essay

How well does Parliament perform its various leans? There be several important functions that Parliament must perform. The word Parliament derived from the Latin parliamentum and the French word parler which originally meant a talk- which is what Parliament does most of the time. Parliament consists of the Ho character of Commons, the House of Lords and the Monarchy. Parliament is the highest judicial, legislative and executive body in Britain.A parliamentary form of goernment acknowledges that it derives its power directly from the consent of the people. This sort of system en legitimates democracy and an active interaction between the people and their representatives. The three functions that I am going to focus on are Scrutiny, Representation and Law Making. Scrutiny is carried out in four main ways- Prime Ministers Questions, involve Committees, The backward Benches and The House of Lords. Prime Ministers Questions is a weekly opportunity for backbenchers to scrutinise the Pr ime Minister.This happens all Wednesday and is an opportunity for the leader of the opposition as well as otherwise MPs to highlight government failings or ask the Prime Minister a question. This is a good way to scrutinise the Prime Minister as it puts them infra pressure to justify their actions and normally with potentially no pre-warning of what topics will have to be defended. The element of surprise allows opposition MPs as well as backbenchers and sometimes members of the cabinet to catch the prime minister out with an awkward question.The relative performance of each of the main party leadership is closely watched and each is under great pressure to get the better of their opponent. The main weakness of this form of scrutiny is that it is often accused of organism much(prenominal) like Gardeners Question Time as many believe the questions are planted and in that respectfore the Prime Minister and Opposition can prepare their answers beforehand. Select Committees in bo th the House of Commons and the Lords investigate the work of government departments and produce reports of policy proposals.They have the power to call witnesses in the course of their proceedings. Their fibre is multi-faceted and includes many tasks such as investigating the work of the government departments to determine whether they have acted efficiently and effectively. This is a strong form as scrutiny as it reports back to the public what is happening behind the scenes in the government but the Select Committees lack resources, expertise and power to create damage if the government werent doing their job properly.Select Committees have been described as a mere irritant. The government relies on backbenchers in providing services to their constituents and relaying the opinions of their constituents. Although backbenchers do non generate power, a concerted revolt could topple the ruling party through a no confidence vote. An example of a successful rebellion occurred during November 2006 over the Terrorism Act 2006 when a sizable number of backbenchers voted against the 90-day detention provision of the anti-terror legislation in order to stall the bill.This provided to be the single largest defeat for and then Prime Minister Tony Blair since his government. Recently David Cameron faced a threat of a fresh backbench Tory revolt as traditionalists lined up to oppose government plans to legalise gay marriage but many debated that this in fact could not be counted as a rebellion as backbenchers would probably be abandoned a free vote in any vote on legalising gay marriage. This therefore is a strong form of scrutiny as it has been proved extremely powerful and has even overthrown past governments for example Margaret Thatcher and James Callaghan.One of the main issues with scrutiny and backbenchers is that they are often under the control of the Whips (MPs or Lords ordained by each party in Parliament to help organise their partys contribution to p arliamentary business) and one of their main responsibilities is making sure the maximum number of their party members vote the way their party wants. Unless the backbenchers have enough people to rebel they will not succeed and therefore it is not often that a government is defeated, for example Blairs government was only defeated in the Commons four times over their three name in power.The House of Lords is the second chamber of the UK Parliament and is independent to the Commons although it complements the work of the Commons. Members of the Lords play a vital role in scrutiny, there are two main reasons for this, the first being that they are independent to the Commons and in many ways have increased power which they often use to stand up to the Commons by blocking reforms. Lords besides have a better balance of parties so no government has a legal age.The politics however can override Lords by using Parliament Act this was used when the fox hunting ban was being put through under Blairs government as there were too many in opposition of the ban in the House of Lords. The Parliament Acts, although rarely used, provide a way of solving disagreement between the Commons and the Lords. The Parliament Act of 1949 withal prevents Lords from delaying bills for more than one year. The second function that Im concentrating on is Representation. In the Commons MPs are elected every five years to represent local anesthetic constituencies.The link between the House of Commons and the local constituency is very important as it provides information to the government on how the public is responding to their policies and ideas for bran-new laws, reforms and ideas. In recent years there has also been many attempts to crystallise the government more diverse for example more women and ethnic minorities. This was especially pushed by Tony Blair as it was obvious to him that the UK was far behind the US in being diverse, he started by pushing for there to be more women in government and these became known as Blairs babes.The Lords are also a large part in representing the national interest as they are less party political and many have had long careers in public service, business, humanistic discipline and culture, or another area of activity. Therefore the members of the House of Lords contribute their expertise and knowledge to Parliament and its work and consequently able to take the bigger delineation into account. However there are many downfalls in representation in the government.The most often referred to is how First Past the Post (FPTP) does not produce a very accurate representation in the House of Commons as it produces many wasted votes. In the Institute for Public Policy Research report, which looks at the ratio of votes to MPs under FPTP for the main parties in the 2010 general election, it was shown that it took 33,468 votes to elect a Labour MP, 35,028 votes to elect a Conservative MP and 119,780 votes to elect a Liberal Democr at MP. This therefore is an interesting piece of evidence showing the unfairness of the FPTP system as it strongly favours some parties over others.However there was a referendum in May 2011 which asked the public whether the Alternative Vote (AV) system should be used for general elections instead of FPTP and more than two thirds of those who voted said to wield the FPTP system- although many of those in opposition to FPTP says this in itself was unfair representation as the turnout was less than 65% of the population. The lack of women in MPs has also been diabolical on the FPTP system there are currently 504 male MPs and 145 female MPs nationwide.Therefore the House of Commons is unrepresentative of the UK as there are roughly 28. 6 million males in the UK and 30. 2 million females. The House of Lords is also seen as unrepresentative as it is unelected and even more out of ratio with the population of the UK as it has many old, socially elite members. Another one of Parliaments main functions is Law Making is debating and deviation statue law. The disposal introduces most plans for new laws, with many included in the Queens Speech at the opening of each session of Parliament.However new laws can originate from an MP or a Lord. Parliament passes about 100 laws each year and every law goes through several stages and is debated perpetually in much detail before being passed. Emergency issues such as the threat of terrorism all contribute to the need for the new laws. forrader draft laws, known as bills are introduced to Parliament there is often consultation or discussion with Standing Committees and as these consist of MPs from every party they guarantee that every view point is reflected in discussion.The House of Lords main role when it comes to the function of Law Making is to amend bills or gift suggestions of improvements. The Lords also have the power to reject bills that appear unworkable or undesirable (for example the fox hunting bill and iden tification cards bill). The governments majority always ensures that its proposals are passed as they have elective dictatorship and can also use Parliamentary Acts to override the House of Lords. Also the House of Lords is also limited to only one year of delaying bills and therefore the government can pass new laws fairly easily after one year.Standing Committees also generally reflect the composition of the House of Commons and therefore the party in government will always have a higher majority. Government often imposes time limits on Standing Committees discussions. In my opinion Parliament performs its various functions- scrutiny, representation and legislation (law making)- well. Although there are many weaknesses to each function it would be extremely hard to remove these weaknesses without making the executive separate like they have in the United States.

Custom Van

Custom Vans, Inc. , specializes in converting standard vans into campers. Depending on the amount of work and customizing to be d peerless, the customizing could salute less(prenominal) than $1,000 to more than $5,000. In less than four years, Tony Rizzo was fit to expand his small operation in Gary, Indiana, to some other major outlets in Chicago, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, and Detroit. Innovation was the major constituent in Tonys success in converting a small van shop into one of the largest and most profit adequate custom van operations in the Midwest.Tony seemed to lose a special ability to design and develop unique features and devices that were always in high demand by van owners. An example was shower bath bath-Rific, which was create by Tony still six months after Custom Vans, Inc. , was started. These small showers were completely self-contained, and they could be placed in almost any type of van and in a number of different locations within a van. Shower-Rific was ma de of fiberglass and contained towel racks, built-in soap and shampoo holders, and a unique plastic door.Each Shower-Rific took 2 gallons of fiberglass and 3 instants of labor to manufacture. Most of the Shower-Rifics were manufactured in Gary in the same warehouse where Custom Vans, Inc. , was founded. The manufacturing plant in Gary could produce 300 Shower-Rifics in a month, but this capacity never seemed to be enough. Custom Van shops in all locations were complaining about not getting enough Shower Rifics, and because Minneapolis was farther away from Gary than the other locations, Tony was always inclined to ship Shower-Rifics to the other locations before Minneapolis.This infuriated the manager of Custom Vans at Minneapolis, and after many het up(p) discussions, Tony decided to start another manufacturing plant for Shower-Rifics at Fort Wayne, Indiana. The manufacturing plant at Fort Wayne could produce 150 Shower-Rifics per month. The manufacturing plant at Fort Wayne was silence not able to meet current demand for Shower-Rifics, and Tony k naked that the demand for his unique camper shower would grow rapidly in the next year. After consulting with his lawyer and banker, Tony concluded that he should open ii new manufacturing plants as soon as possible.Each plant would have the same capacity as the Fort Wayne manufacturing plant. An sign investigation into possible manufacturing locations was made, and Tony decided that the two new plants should be located in Detroit, Michigan Rockford, Illinois or Madison, Wisconsin. Tony knew that selecting the best location for the two new manufacturing plants would be difficult. Transportation hails and demands for the various locations should be important considerations. The Chicago shop was managed by Bill Burch. This Custom Van shop was one of the first naturalised by Tony, and it continued to outperform the other locations.The manufacturing plant at Gary was supplying 200 Shower-Rifics each month, althou gh Bill knew that the demand for the showers in Chicago was 300 social units. The imparting cost per unit from Gary was $10, and although the transportation cost from Fort Wayne was double that amount, Bill was always pleading with Tony to get an additional 50 units from the Fort Wayne manufacturer. The two additional manufacturing plants would certainly be able to supply Bill with the additional 100 showers he needed. The transportation costs would, of course, vary, depending on which two locations Tony picked.The transportation cost per shower would be $30 from Detroit, $5 from Rockford, and $10 from Madison. Wilma Jackson, manager of the Custom Van shop in Milwaukee, was the most upset about not getting an commensurate supply of showers. She had a demand for 100 units, and at the present time, she was only getting half of this demand from the Fort Wayne manufacturing plant. She could not understand why Tony didnt ship her all 100 units from Gary. The transportation cost per u nit from Gary was only $20, while the transportation cost from Fort Wayne was $30. Wilma was hoping that Tony would select Madison for one of the manufacturing locations.She would be able to get all of the showers needed, and the transportation cost per unit would only be $5. If not Madison, a new plant in Rockford would be able to supply her total needs, but the transportation cost per unit would be twice as much as it would be from Madison. Because the transportation cost per unit from Detroit would be $40, Wilma speculated that even if Detroit became one of the new plants, she would not be getting any units from Detroit. Custom Vans, Inc. , of Minneapolis was managed by Tom Poanski. He was getting 100 showers from the Gary plant. pick up was 150 units.Tom faced the highest transportation costs of all locations. The transportation cost from Gary was $40 per unit. It would cost $10 more if showers were sent from the Fort Wayne location. Tom was hoping that Detroit would not be one of the new plants, as the transportation cost would be $60 per unit. Rockford and Madison would have a cost of $30 and $25, respectively, to ship one shower to Minneapolis. The Detroit shops position was similar to Milwaukeesonly getting half of the demand each month. The 100 units that Detroit did receive came directly from the Fort Wayne plant.The transportation cost was only $15 per unit from Fort Wayne, whereas it was $25 from Gary. Dick Lopez, manager of Custom Vans, Inc. , of Detroit, placed the probability of having one of the new plants in Detroit fairly high. The pulverization would be located across town, and the transportation cost would be only $5 per unit. He could get 150 showers from the new plant in Detroit and the other 50 showers from Fort Wayne. Even if Detroit was not selected, the other two locations were not intolerable. Rockford had a transportation cost per unit of $35, and Madison had a transportation cost of $40.Tony pondered the dilemma of locating the t wo new plants for several weeks before deciding to call a meeting of all the managers of the van shops. The decision was complicated, but the nonsubjective was clearto minimize total costs. The meeting was held in Gary, and everyone was present except Wilma. Tony Thank you for coming. As you know, I have decided to open up two new plants at Rockford, Madison, or Detroit. The two locations, of course, will change our shipping practices, and I sincerely hope that they will supply you with the Shower-Rifics that you have been wanting.I know you could have sold more units, and I want you to know that I am sorry for this situation. Dick Tony, I have given this situation a administrate of consideration, and I feel strongly that at least one of the new plants should be located in Detroit. As you know, I am now only getting half of the showers that I need. My brother, Leon, is very interested in running the plant, and I know he would do a good job. Tom Dick, I am sure that Leon could do a good job, and I know how difficult it has been since the recent layoffs by the auto industry.Nevertheless, we should be considering total costs and not personalities. I believe that the new plants should be located in Madison and Rockford. I am farther away from the other plants than any other shop, and these locations would significantly reduce transportation costs. Dick That may be true, but there are other factors. Detroit has one of the largest suppliers of fiberglass, and I have checked prices. A new plant in Detroit would be able to purchase fiberglass for $2 per gallon less than any of the other existing or proposed plants. Tom At Madison, we have an excellent labor force.This is due primarily to the large number of students attending the University of Madison. These students are hard workers, and they will work for $1 less per hour than the other locations that we are considering. Bill Calm down, you two. It is obvious that we will not be able to satisfy everyone in locati ng the new plants. Therefore, I would give care to suggest that we vote on the two best locations. Tony I dont think that voting would be a good idea. Wilma was not able to attend, and we should be looking at all of these factors together in some type of logical fashion.

Swot & Pest Analysis

SWOT & PEST analysis Strengths UKs largest full improvement schedule airline this turns it a favorite c each(prenominal)er with customers which scrams in more business which go forth then realise in more gold for the companionship. Caribbean r breakes argon new and exchange well as they ar shifting well, the sales will be up on the flights which will bring in more money and more popularity with the customers which will then mean more and more people will use up the society rather than their meets which will then bring in more money and make rival companies vault out on money Head positioning is set(p) near Gatwick which is convenient it is convenient because customers and/or staff will easily be adequate to(p) to subscribe thither if they fill to as it is situated near the lodges main working airport and non in the middle of nowhere or in a different country.This means that any problems send a style be sorted out quicker as people go intot need to travel t o the head office if it was situated anywhere else Pilots argon well salaried and tend to stay the community are then able to keep flights on schedule which will keep the customers happy and missing to cut down with them half of the originbus and Embraer exit has been bought new in 2002 which is good for passenger confidence passengers will have confidence in the engineering of the planes and trust them not to fail which will keep them happy and wanting(p) to fly with them Passenger offshoot was up 16% from 2003 to 2004 with over 8 million passengers per grade carried more passengers means that the company is making more money and also means more passengers are using this company rather than rival companies Awards won oBusiness Airline 2002 What Airline? oBest European Carrier Passenger News Top Airline culinary art 2003 The Flying Chef (Sunday Times column) with these awards won, the company will have popularity as the best for these features and will keep customers wanting to travel with the company and make new customers from rival companies sparrow hawk Air uses travel agents to sell its products this makes it easier as travel agents are good at selling products Has its own reservations department at head office and a website where customers tin book online customers will find it easier to book flights so the company flock sell more flights easier and quicker. Also less staff will be needed so money can be saved in their wages New features oParticipates in the Pet Travel scheme oTelemedicine service on all flights oLaptop plug in and telephone service in business class oSelf tabloid in at Heathrow and Gatwick all these features give passengers more reason to use this company rather than other(a)s if the others dupet already have the features Weaknesses Operation slots are very expensive and difficult to acquire as they are difficult to acquire, it will be hard for the company to get enough of them as they need, only when even if s ome do become available, they will be expensive to purchase so the cabbage will be used to buy them Failed to prepare permission to operate on the lucrative Heathrow/US routes because these routes are unavailable to the company, they are losing out on money from the tickets that would be purchased by customers therefore customers would use rival companies to get to these destinations No eastern European routes are operated as yet because these routes are not operated yet, the company is losing out on money from the tickets that would be purchased by customers, therefore customers would use rival companies to get to the destinations Being situated near Gatwick is expensive in rents and rates the rent and rates will bring down the pro correspond that the company will make Cabin faction have created some injurious iron out locally if this carries on, the customers will end up using the company and use one of its rival companies Pilots are only qualified to fly particular airc raft other pilots will need to be brought in that are trained to fly other aircraft, so more wages and train will need to be paid out that will mortify the internet There are no pilots who can fly all the different aircraft in the company fleet other pilots will need to be brought in that are trained to fly other aircraft, so more wages and training will need to be paid out that will reduce the profits The airline employs its own ground junto and baggage handlers and finds it difficult to recruit enough people this means that jobs will take longer to do so there will be a longer wait for departures and arrivals at the airports which will delve customers and may tempt them to use rival companies The capacity of each aircraft is different so it is ot possible to take turns aircraft from route to route if a problem occurs with one particular aircraft and makes it dangerous to fly, it will have to stop and passengers will have a big delay as they all wont fit on any of the oth er aircraft available at that particular time. Customers will become unhappy with the company and may use rivals from then on Because half of the Airbus and Embraer fleet has been bought new in 2002, it has been a major(ip) expense as it has been a big expense, there is a massive drop in the profits that the company are making so there is less money to spend on other things, although the money has been spent well Opportunities The airline would like to expand operations from Heathrow with more operations the company would bring in more money which will add to the profits. Considering becoming a member of principal Alliance Considering new measures including sponsorship and developing a relationship with educational establishments these opportunities will increase the companys reputation with the establishments and also bring in more money towards the profit that they are making Kestrel Air may decide to contract out ground crew and baggage handlers this means the company will b ring in more people that are capable of doing the job quicker to make sure arrival and departure times are kept Kestrel Air hope to unite the graphic symbol of aircraft in the future to cut back operating costs and cut pilot training costs this will save the company money which will add to the profits Threats Germanic Air has substantial debts and likely to sell its shares (22%) as 22% is owned by the Germanics there will be a massive w ambush in the shareholders which will cause disruption to the way the company is run. This may result in loss of money and disruptions in the way staff are paid. Staff could go on strike leaving the customers to use rival companies The turnover of Cabin Crew is lofty Training for the Cabin Crew is constant if the training is constant, then oney is always being paid out to fund it which will keep profits down and will waste money as they keep bringing in new staff that need training Many airlines consolidate the type of aircraft in order to save on operating and engineering costs as other companies are doing this, they will save money unlike Kestrel Airways, and they may become under threat with their monetary resource and rival companies will take control of the percentage of people using airlines Profits are pass down so costs are getting higher as they are making approximately the same amount each year if this carries on then the company will start to ache money each year and the company will start to become unsuccessful Political Failed to gain permission to operate on the lucrative Heathrow/US routes because of a restriction arising from the Bermuda 2 treaty the US are wanting the routes so therefore Britain are having to agree and not make the money from them Taxes on fuel etc as taxes are going up, more money is being spent than what is coming in so therefore the company will end up losing money Economical The World is shortly in a recession more people are not travelling abroad because they cant afford it so instead they are taking holidays in Britain or not at all Germanic Air is an ailing airline with substantial debts and is likely to sell its shares (22%) as the German company own a large percentage, there will be a massive hole in the shares, which will disrupt the way the company is run and may become bankrupt Taxes on fuel etc as taxes are going up, more money is being spent than what is coming in so therefore the company will end up losing money Social The Euro is too high as of this, people are avoiding flying to European destinations as it would be cheaper to go to long snap destinations such as the Caribbean because of the currency over there is cheaper People are choosing different destinations each year as of this, Kestrel Air need to keep up on what are the most popular holiday destinations, whether they are long haul or short haul and get flights to the destinations so that customers dont use other companies Cabin crew have recently created some bad press and exa cerbated the problem of recruitment as many people are not recruiting, the company arent getting in enough people as they need to do jobs so jobs will be runway slower than normal which can cause disruption with the way the company is run which will come upon departure times, therefore customers will become unhappy and start using rival airlines Technological Half of the Airbus and Embraer fleet has been bought new in 2002 all the new planes will have new, trusted technology in them that was better than the previous planes which will gain customer confidence and make them want to travel with the company Kestrel Air has its own website where customers are able to book online this will be easier for customers that are wanting tickets as they dont need to leave their homes in order to book a flight, it can be done quickly, easily and securely over the internet Full body scanners these are all located at the airports to check people for weapons, bombs etc to stop terrorism. The sc anners add safety and comfort to the passengers because they know that anybody will be caught that has suspicious items Self check in at airports this means that as soon as customers arrive at the airports, they can check themselves in which will be quicker and easier for them, which will reduce queues and late departures

Abercrombie & FItch vs American Eagle Essay

INTRODUCTIONFashion may be defined as a way of living, decorating, etc., which is ordinary today, but will soon lose their popularity. It is some(a)thing passing and temporary, a simple craze of the moment to be looked down upon with dislike. For example, tight pants are the fashion today, but only a short magical spell ago broad loose pants were the order of the day. If today a man appears in monastic order wearing broad pants, he would be held up to ridicule, but only a few years ago they were the height of fashion, symbols of good taste and culture. American bird of Jove Outfitters (AEO) and Abercrombie & foulmart (A&F) are two companies that lam a major role in the clothing industry. The following discussion with compare and contrast the matched advantages of the supply chain of the two companies.COMPANY HISTORYAEOAmerican shoot Outfitters, Inc., a billion buck corporation, is ranked as virtuoso of the salientst retail chains in America. With their central corporate he adquarters in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and two opposite corporate facilities located in new York City and Tokyo, Japan, American double birdie, Inc. operates numerous inject stores, grinder stores, franchised stores, and distribution centers across the country and the globe.In 1977, brothers, Jerry and Mark Silverman, who owned and operated Silvermans Menswear, a sell Ventures, Inc. company, founded American Eagle Outfitters. Opening their first store in Novi, Michigan at Twelve Oaks Mall, the Silverman brothers were hoping to qualify their menswear bank bill (AEO Management Co., 2013). Several stores were opened up and a catalog was created. American Eagle Outfitters keep to grow into 1990, when Jacob Price took everywhere which led to the introduction of casual, private- testing groundel merchandise for men and women. In 1994, American Eagle Outfitters becamepart of the NASDAQ stock exchange, which enabled the opening of 90 stores the following year (AEO Management Co., 2013). In 1996, new executives fall in AEO and decided to modify the target demographics of the target market and reach to a strikinger extent women, as rise up as focus on those who were between the ages of 18 and 32.Shortly after, American Eagle expanded to e-commerce with ae.com. By 2000, American Eagle operated 500 stores and revenues for the company quintupled to $1 billion. The Canadian market was penetrated in 2001 and in 2003 American Eagle expanded to Hawaii. Aerie, a label extension of American Eagle, focusing on intimates for women, was launched in 2006. Another variant extension, 77kids, which offered clothing for babies to pre-teen girls and boys, was established online in 2008 and the first 77kids store was opened in 2010. Today, American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. operates over 1,000 stores, including 911 American Eagle Outfitters stores, 158 Aerie stores, and 21 77Kids stores, 21 of which are franchised or so the globe. Additionally, ae.com, which includes links to Aerie and 77kids, reaches 77 countries.American Eagle Outfitters offers apparel, shoes, and accessories for both men and women. Clothing merchandise is comprised of denims, sweaters, graphic Ts, fleece and sweatshirts, outerwear, exceed and shirts, dresses, and skirts. Shoe merchandise includes sneakers, boots, flats, sandals, slippers, clogs, heals, loafers and socks. Accessories merchandise consists of jewelry, hats, sunglasses, scarves, bags, perfume and cologne, purses, and wallets. Aerie offers merchandise for college girls that include dorm wear, such as sweats and pajamas, exercise apparel, bras, under(a)wear, accessories, and some personal care items. 77kids offers apparel for infants, children, and preteen girls and boys (AEO Management Co., 2013).A&FAbercrombie & Fitch originated in 1891 as a retail sporting goods store based in New York City. It was known for its wide variety of expensive and often exotic sporting equipment and attire, ranging from tennis shoes to eleph ant guns. For more than half a century, the stores apparel, guns, tackle, and other merchandise were the image of wealth and prestige.When it expanded, the firm jailed its new branch stores to downtown areas of large cities and to resort areas. In the early 1970s, Abercrombie & Fitch attempted to exsert its customer base by adding less-expensive items to its usual stock and by moving into the suburbs, where other stores had been building for some sentence. Although these steps did attract new customers, they came too late Abercrombie & Fitch was in financial trouble and filed for bankruptcy in 1976 after 85 years in business (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2013). Oshmans Sporting Goods, Inc. bought the firm in1978. In 1988 Abercrombie & Fitch was bought by The Limited, Inc (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2013). Repositioned as the contendmarked casual luxury brand, it became parent to the subsidiary brands Abercrombie kids, a childrens line launched in 1998 and marketed as Ab ercrombie Hollister Co., a line for younger teens launched in 2000 RUEHL No. 925, a line targeting post-graduates launched in 2004 and Gilly Hicks, a womens line launched in 2008. Following Abercrombie & Fitchs overhaul, the company authorized significant criticism for its advertising and its clothing, which were perceived by many as encouraging its target earreach to adopt a sexually promiscuous modus vivendi (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2013).MISSION STATEMENTAEOAmerican Eagle has a clearly defined set of corporate nurtures which guides the actions of employees at all levels of the AE organization PEOPLEThe vigour of our company resides in our people. We collaborate, we engage, we achieve (About.com, 2013). INTEGRITYWe hold ourselves accountable to the highest standards. In the face of difficulties and challenges, we dont compromise (About.com, 2013). PASSIONOur passion infuses our actions and purpose. It transforms stores into places of energy and customer delight (About. com, 2013). INNOVATIONWe operate in a dynamic and competitive industry. We continually refine the unique processes that drive our business, and we use insightful research and analysis to balance our instinct and to guide our decisions. Our associates embody entrepreneurial spirit, develop creative solutions, and initiate change (About.com, 2013). TEAMWORKWe work on together listening to one another, reaching consensus and supporting group decisions. We celebrate achievements. Because we respect and trust one another and commit ourselves to our company goals, our teamwork succeeds (About.com, 2013).Additionally American Eagle has a service goal that guides employees in their everyday retailing tasks We respond to the needs of our customer and enjoy the satisfaction of a job well done (About.com, 2013). A&FAbercrombie and Fitch focuses upon high-quality merchandise that compliments the casual classic American lifestyle (About.com, 2013). But beyond that simple mission statement, Ab ercrombie & Fitch emphasizes its brand vision, brand attributes, and the value of the Abercrombie & Fitch brand, which has been of last-ditch importance since CEO microphone Jeffries took on the leadership role. Abercrombie & Fitch has said this about its brand to its s impartholdersThe A&F brand is more authentic and relevant than ever. The brand is our lifestyle, our focusit procures growth and promises stability. A gigantic brand is a center of growth and revenueit represents a relationship with customers. Its not a faddish chip to be cashed in on shortsighted gains. The value of having a great brand is far-reaching and cannot be overstatedits a snowball effect. The A&F label gives us the ability to evolve, creating endless growth opportunities. It helps us attract the brightest, most talented young people from around the country. It attracts millions to our website. It allows for greater profit margins. It lessens the risk of moving on new business concepts. It promotes innov ation. It ensures long-term profitability. It adds built-in value to everything we produce. It accelerates growth. It stabilizes. It gives focus and direction. It produces an emotional response in consumers (About.com, 2013).Comparing these two mission statements, it is clear that American Eagle Outfitters is focused more on just their merchandise, unlike Abercrombie & Fitch. AEO has a passion not only for their brand and employees but their consumers as well. While A&F, is only focused on their brand not on theoperational execution of its employees, or the experience of its customers.This holds true of A&F because recently their CEO, Mike Jeffries, came under fire for reportedly saying they only target to thin and beautiful people which is wherefore they do not sell or make any size over 10 or large for women. Mike Jeffries has said, Thats why we hire good-looking people because good-looking people attract other good-looking people, and we want to market to cool, good-looking peop le. We dont market to anyone other than that (Walker, 2013). On A&Fs website, they claim to embrace diversity throughout the entire organization but what Mike Jeffries has been quoted saying, is contradictory of what the company claims they are about.We are committed to embracing the diversity of our associates and management throughout our organization. On the surface, our dedication to maintaining a diverse working and shopping environment can be easily seen by walking through one of our stores, domestically and internationally. More notably, Abercrombie & Fitchs commitment can be seen through our exceptional diversity programs, whether they are internal or external, and the results they yield. Diversity reflects the multidimensional insights we share collectively. entirely put, it is imperative to our growth that we staff our business with diverse talent and run our business with an inclusive mindset (Abercrombie & Fitch, 2013).SUPPLY CHAINAEOAmerican Eagle Outfitters strategy t o improve apparel mill working conditions starts with factory inspections based on their Vendor Code of Conduct. They then focus on remediating the issues they find during those inspections, which often includes supererogatory factory training and capacity building programs (AEO Management Co., 2013).They partner with other brands and retailers, multi-stakeholder organizations, civil society groups, trade unions, governments, and others to better understand and address what is happening in the factories and countries where their clothes are made. By working together, they touch tocollectively develop more sustainable solutions to the problems they find (AEO Management Co., 2013).Finally, they are committed to being clear about how they are doing. By reporting publicly on their efforts, this is one of the many ways they ensure that they remain focused on their goals, disciplined in their efforts, and accountability for their performance (AEO Management Co., 2013).A&FAbercrombie & Fitch has very tight control over the design and manufacturing of their clothing. To help the company keep control, puzzle higher margins and protect the brand, they design their own ranges which are manufactured exclusively for A&F.The head point for A&F is located in Ohio and is called The Campus. At this location, there is a center known as the Innovative Design Center. Here, a dedicated team uses over 100 wash, quality assurance, lab and graphic machines (Webb, 2009). They are responsible for merchandise design and development. Design packages were created by the company to reduce the time and cost of product development (Webb, 2009). These design packages are then given to the vendors.By keeping uncompromising control over design, manufacturing and product development, the company is able to protect the brand from being copied and having the image damaged. By having greater control, it allows A&F to deliver on their promise to the customer and consumer. This in turn creates a relationship based on trust and gives them a competitive advantage.Again, with Abercrombie & Fitch, they are more focused on keeping control of their brand and image, while American Eagle Outfitters are trying to improve factory conditions for their workers. This once again proves that A&F does not care about their people.CONCLUSIONIn summary, Abercrombie & Fitch and American Eagle Outfitters play a significant role in the clothing industry. While A&Fs practices are somewhat contradictory and outlandish, AEO remains the opposite. A&F needs to take a cue from AEO and focus more on their consumers than just their brand. There is no question why it is that AEO is ranked at 649 on the mickle 1000 List and A&F is trailing ass them at 651 (Salesforce, 2013).Works CitedAbercrombie & Fitch. (2013). Diversity Commitment. Retrieved from A&F Cares http//www.anfcares.org/diversity/commitment.jsp About.com. (2013). Abercrombie & Fitch Mission Statement. Retrieved from About.com http//retaili ndustry.about.com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/AbercrombieFitch-Mission-Statement.htm About.com. (2013). American Eagle Company Mission Statement. Retrieved from About.com http//retailindustry.about.com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/American-Eagle-Mission-Values.htm AEO Management Co. (2013). AEO History. Retrieved from American Eagle Outfitters http//phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=81256&p=irol-history AEO Management Co. (2013). AEO Supply Chain. Retrieved from American Eagle Outfitters http//www.ae.com/web/corpResp/supply_chain/our_strategy.jsp Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (2013). Abercrombie & Fitch. Retrieved from Encyclopedia Britannica Online http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1121/Abercrombie-Fitch Salesforce. (2013). Fortune 1000 Company List. Retrieved from Data.com Connect https//connect.data.com/directory/company/fortune/1000 Walker, T. (2013, May 08). Not available in XL. Retrieved from The Indepedent http//www .independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/not-available-in-xl-abercrombiefitch-ceo-mike-jeffries-accused-of-only-wanting-thin-and-beautiful-people-8608022.html Webb, B. (2009). Managing the Fashion Brand Case Study Assignment.

The Relationships Between the Father and the Son

The author used more ways to show the relatioships between charcters in the stories we have studies single of them is anil. in Anil the author presents confilct in birth between the father, Appa, and the intelligence of honor, Anil. Anil is very uncomfortable and sc ard with his father, we know this because in the score it says his father was a burly man, a bully to his family this explains that the family relationship between the father and the countersign is unsual and unsafe. the word Bully is used to show negativity and the harmful relationship between Anil and Father.Through the description the relationship between the characters, presents Anils father, Appa, as an abusive bully in his domestic environment, unless a coward in the presence of the headman. a timid mouse to the headman this presents a different relationship in the chronicle where Appa is weaker in front of the head man. but be returns abuser and dangerous man in his family specailly with his wife, we know this because in the story it says Anil saw the bruise on her shoulder, where Appa, returning home drunk last night, had hit her. his shows the violence relationship between the mother and the father, which totally shows no love and no respect. However, Anils father shows lot of love and care for Anil at the give up of the story, he say you go away study hard and be an engineer, or a doctor, or a lawyer. make this father royal of you this shows that his father is very serious near Anils future. he wants him to be educated and knolodgeable he cares about him. the word proud shows the postivity and a feeling of self-respect and personal worth.He want to take pride in his sons success. The author also used many ways to show the relationships between the characters in the stories we have studied angiotensin converting enzyme of them is The Compass and Torch cleverly incorporates many different aspects of family relationships into the story from the very beginning. The layo ut of the first three paragraphs and its guinea pig show how such(prenominal) the male child is in awe of the father. The second paragraph consists of four extremely goldbrick condemnations, each one describing how the boy watches his father. Drinking it in the essence of Dadness.This metaphor shows just how a good deal the son idolises and loves his father, implying that he wants to absorb as much as possible of him, perhaps due to lack of march in previous years. From the phrase essence of Dadness, we are presented with a feeling that the boy probably has deep in thought(p) having a fatherly figure next to him, displaying their strange and alien relationship through the story. Further into the story, we insure the importance of the torch for the family, especially the boy, in emitting hope that somehow they might rebuild their broken relationship.The boy treasures the symbolic possession, stating it is for lighting up the expedition of father and son. This hopeful sentence evokes sympathy in the reader at how he is desperately trying to convince himself that all is well in their relationship. The sentence could either literally mean that he values the use of a torch, or when looking deeper, we follow the boy hopes it might magically rebuild bonds with his father and guide his way. Elizabeth Baines uses character gestures to show the tense relationship felt between the boys mother and father.After describing the mans uselessness in beingness a good father, we are told the mum has a choke in her voice and a var. of snarl suggesting his actions have made her emotional with anger and worry. From this description, we get the idea that their relationship did not end on a good note and she is now left to deal with the consequences of constantly worrying about her sons safety. In addition to this, the word snarl suggests it is almost a primal full leading her to dis want her sons father, and the referring her to an animal shows the raw emotion inside of her.The story uses foreshadowing within the horses on the moor to present how the father and sons relationship is destined to be broken, and is unfixable. The contrasting descriptions of the horse show how the story may turn out badly towards the end. At first, we are told the horse is softly curious displaying the honor of the pairs expedition and intentions. However, we are soon told that the horse looks through dark, deep fringed eyes, suggesting an almost satanic malicious intention despite its innocent appearance at first.This change in character foreshadows the events to come as, despite some(prenominal) father and son wanting the expedition to go well, deep down they both know that their broken relationship is far beyond repair. http//www. northleamingtonschool. warwickshire. sch. uk/attachments/article/138/Miss%20Fs%20Compass%20and%20Torch%20guide. pdf themes for Anil Themes Dreams of the future Relationships/ Family the routine of each member of the family Culture Chil dhood Violence Guilt Repression Fear Love Shame Superstitions drop of Education? Morality what is recompense/wrong Treatment of women Justice themes for compass and torch ThemesRelationships (between father & son) maturement up/ Childhood Hopes/Dreams Communication themes are very important in the story because Amma, Anil and Appa are very close to each other in the main story part, where the themes begins. the main themes are love, culture, guilt, idolatry and most important part is justic and shame. some people think that the main part of the story is where the inexplicable of murder coulaps and no one knows about it this shows that there is so much to tell to the reader and the writer compares to village resources i know this because in the story it says the main highlighted things in the story like . a timid mouse to the headman and proud , because there is some much more in the story colaptes in the to the characters who deals with nature and sympathy quotes for example, burly , bully, compares to other people no one liked him ( Appa ), because no one could ever imagine how hard is for him to deal with his children to emitt another people to assist his son when he was injured and ery fraustrated, because no one did believe him in other socity nationality coraposes, and edmit that there is no one to help around him to keep him healthy and successful, we know this because in the story it says, lighting up the expedition of father and son. this shows that there is no lighten shown up to his father towards an emotive talk deals and suspects, which shows no related emotions and consepts effort that helps him to deal with his son alone and with very corapted situations that he would see him as a unfixable situation.This extremely explains that there is no more evidence than this that can give an example to the auditory sense that he would be in a horrible and motivated situation comparing to his life in hard well-groundedl house (where he live). the writer presents so much things to deal with, after the second report card of his sons controubution. However, legally no one tried to change the atmosphere so much within the legal documents and false/fake report, because he couldnt show the other documents in the future as if he was the right father to him in many ways like dealing with forgiveness, food, shelter, love, respect, and many other.None of the sons family tried their best in persuasing him to deal with this hard situation and contraboute to other nonesense language that have been used in the text. there is many example for this reason, for example, choke,snarl, fringed eyes, and bruise. this shows that the writer used so much negative words with funny language, that the reader could not notice whats going. So the main point is that the writer confuses the reader within the text he wrote, this called malicious intention. he writer is so much clever in so many ways to write so much things it always overstep the themes in the story that deals with the audience cleverlness and emotions. however, no one tried to deal with so many things like love, relationships, trust, loss, emotions, arguments, honesty, sadness, rejections, fear, shame, guilt, feelings, struggles, separations, curious, proud, separations, anger, attachements.